CHAPTER 5: SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA
What is solid and hazardous waste? I’ll define both of it and
the types it both has.
Solid waste: a solid or semisolid, non-soluble material (including
gases and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse, demolition waste,
industrial waste, mining residues, municipal garbage, and sewage sludge.
Hazardous waste: that poses substantial or potential threats
to public health or the environment.
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE:
TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE;
(source from http://greenwa.org/knowledge/local-hazardous-waste-program)
Volume and composition waste and hazardous management in
Malaysia:
Overall, the local communities generate 16,000 tons of
domestic waste per day and the amounts per capacity vary from 0.45 to 1.44 kg per
day depending on the economic status of the areas concerned. On average, waste
generation is about 1 kg per capacity per day.
Methods of disposal waste in Malaysia:
There are a few types of technologies applied in the
Malaysia waste management system. In Table I, it presents the
types of waste management used and the percentage of waste
disposed by using each technique in different years.
(source from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5381/1/FPTP_Paper.pdf)
Finally, I'll point out the impacts of solid waste and hazardous waste.
IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE
THERE
ARE 2 MAIN IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE:
Health Hazard especially to:
(a) pre-school children
(b) waste workers
(b) waste workers
(c) workers in facilities producing toxic
Environmental Impact to:
(a) Animals
(b) Aquatic life
(b) Aquatic life
(a) Health Hazard :
*If solid wastes are not collected and allowed to accumulate, they may create unsanitary conditions.
*This may lead to epidemic outbreaks.
*Many diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, plague, jaundice, or gastro-intestinal diseases may spread and cause loss of human lives.
*In addition, improper handling of the solid wastes is a health hazard for the workers who come in direct contact with the waste.
*There are specific danger of concentration of heavy metals discharged to a drainage/ sewage system and / or open dumping sites.
(b) Environmental Impact:
*If the solid wastes are not treated properly, decomposition and putrefaction (decay) may take place.
*The organic solid waste during decomposition may generate obnoxious (intolerable) odours.
*The decomposition of garbage also may release methane gas which contribute to green house effect and climate changes.
IMPACTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE:
*The improper handling of chemical waste and the sea/ river treated as sewage / toxic dumps.
*The industrial plants or manufacturers to dispose of two inert chemicals, when those chemicals are mixed the result could be a serious pollutant to the water supply.
How it affect on aquatic life and also to mammals and humans?
Aquatic life:
(a) the improperly disposed chemicals and other waste.
(b) When it raining, those chemicals are washed into rivers, which feeds the waterfalls and then goes into the ocean.
(c) it can end up destroying an entire food chain of aquatic life.
(d) pollute marine life and kills sea mammals, corals, and fish.
Impacts on Mammals and Humans:
(a) to have genetic mutations, diseases, birth defects, and several other deleterious effects of improperly disposed chemicals.
All the given points are not mine, please refer the link as below:
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_waste
-http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5381/1/FPTP_Paper.pdf
-http://blog.idrenvironmental.com/how-hazardous-waste-disposal-affects-the-environment
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